determine
确定；求出
Evidence to deliver
Give the requested value, expression, or conclusion and enough work to make the method traceable.
Common score loss
Writing a guess or calculator display with no mathematical connection.
AP methods and command terms
The verb tells you what evidence must survive on the page.
Treat every command term as a delivery contract: result, mathematical connection, context, and precision.
justify
论证；说明理由
Evidence to deliver
State a conclusion and connect it to a property, computation, graph feature, or model assumption.
Common score loss
Repeating the conclusion, or writing “because the graph says so.”
interpret
结合情境解释
Evidence to deliver
Translate a number or feature into the named variables, units, and situation.
Common score loss
Giving only a number, or omitting units and what changes.
estimate
估计
Evidence to deliver
Give a reasonable approximate value and show the graph, table, or local calculation used.
Common score loss
Reporting excessive digits or presenting an approximation as exact.
construct
构造
Evidence to deliver
Create the requested equation, table, graph, or representation with essential labels and constraints.
Common score loss
Copying data without building the requested representation.
relative maximum
相对极大值
Evidence to deliver
Identify both the input and output and compare the output with nearby values in the stated domain.
Common score loss
Giving only the maximum height, or confusing a local maximum with an absolute maximum.
average rate of change
平均变化率
Evidence to deliver
Use output change divided by input change and attach contextual units when applicable.
Common score loss
Averaging two outputs, reversing the interval, or dropping units.
solve
求解
Evidence to deliver
Find every value satisfying the equation or inequality and enforce domain/interval restrictions.
Common score loss
Keeping extraneous roots, omitting periodic solutions, or stopping at an equation with the variable still isolated incorrectly.
describe
描述
Evidence to deliver
Name the mathematical feature and state how it behaves, including interval, direction, or limiting value when relevant.
Common score loss
Using vague words such as “goes up” without domain or rate information.